7mil. A common method for calculating theTransmission line calculators. Figure 5. Once the dialog is open a segment to use for the impedance calculation can be defined by either: Selecting it in the dialog opened by "Segment List". This calculator finds both odd and even transmission line impedance. We recommend the software from Polar Instruments if you want to get exact impedance calculation. In the limit of a very long transmission line (such as when the line length is many multiples of the wavelength), then the tanh function eventually converges to 1. Coax Impedance (Transmission Line) Calculator. The effective dielectric constant drives the length of the taper, this effect was not. 4. The tool provides two networks that will have the desired impedence at that frequency, but their. Z. Unit length of inductance L & unit length of capacitance C are the key elements of this calculation. The characteristic impedance (Z o) of a microstrip transmission line can be calculated using the active calculator or the formulas at the bottom of the page. to NF. LPARA, an existing software at The Trinidad and Tobago Electricity Commission (T&TEC), has been. The Er (relative permittivity) is set as a common factor for all the possible mechanical designs and calculations. This calculator is a tool for designing balanced transmission lines with a specific desired characteristic impedance Zc and made of parallel square stock conductors of a given side length d. The transmission line model is used in many of the loss calculations. 71. Picking it interactively in the 3D view and. Current and voltage waveforms recorded by intelligent electronic devices (IEDs) are more useful than just performing post-fault analysis. You have the option of specifying which impedance will be used in the renormalization. In this section a lossy transmission line with low loss is considered so that R ≪ ωL and G ≪ ωC, and the characteristic impedance is Z0 ≈ L/C− −−−√. e. The two most common impedances. Impedance calculationEven and Odd Mode Impedance. L to the beginning of the transmission line, so that we can replace the transmission line with its input impedance Z in : Note by voltage division we can determine: ()in g g in Z V zV ZZ =− = + A And from Ohm’s Law we conclude: ()g g in V Iz ZZ =− = + A And thus, the power P in delivered to Z in (and thus the power P abs delivered to the. H eff = H 1 + H 2 2 H e f f = H 1 + H 2 2. Z PU = Per Unit Impedance. The actual input impedance to the terminated line isIn other words, if the load impedance is equal to the transmission line characteristic impedance, the input impedance will be likewise be equal to Z 0 regardless of the transmission line length A. Outer Diameter. The software also has some capabilities for predicting transmission line losses as well. Just as was the case with microstrip impedance calculators, stripline impedance calculators tend to rely on either the IPC-2141 formulas or on Wadell’s equations. These equations are relatively simple compared to other transmission line geometries, comprising only 2 interrelated equations for the microstrip impedance. Gt is the gain of the transmitting antenna. s. [2] Calculate the top layer signal end impedance: Two tools are giving Zo=48 and Zo=47. Calculates the. This calculator assumes the distance between the two reference planes to be an equal distance. This data is entered on the left side. Antenna Element Calculator. Example 7. 7. The PowerWorld Transmission Line Parameter Calculator (TransLineCalc) is a tool designed to compute characteristic line parameters given the type of conductor and the tower configuration of a three-phase overhead transmission line. In fact, striplines often make components such as band-pass filter's more accurately, with more symmetric roll-off and no lower cutoff frequency. Mismatch can be specified as: The transmission line parameter calculator is a tool designated to compute characteristic line parameters give the type of the conductor and the configuration of a three-phase overhead transmission line. Vias (plated holes) are used to route electrical signals among different layers of a multilayer. Sierra Circuits’ Transmission Line Reflection Calculator will greatly help you to understand the signal characteristics during the design phase. 3mil seems like a substantial enough difference. The microstrip is a very simple yet useful way to create a transmission line with a PCB. The Excel based tool (see link below) calculates the capacitance and inductance per unit length as well as the impedance of a transmission line. 33 mA; end: V=0, I=13. 765-kV transmission line with aluminum guyed-V towers (Courtesy of American Electric Power Company) 4. L to the beginning of the transmission line, so that we can replace the transmission line with its input impedance Z in : Note by voltage division we can determine: ()in g g in Z V zV ZZ =− = + A And from Ohm’s Law we conclude: ()g g in V Iz ZZ =− = + A And thus, the power P in delivered to Z in (and thus the power P abs delivered to the. The nice part about coax is that it can be bent and flexible unlike most pcb transmission lines. ), but. Of course, this only occurs at resonant points resulting in a standing wave of 1/4 cycle (the line's fundamental, resonant frequency) or some odd multiple (3/4, 5/4, 7/4, 9/4 . This calculator computes the matched line loss for a transmission line using a model calibrated from data for the transmission line types built in to the calculator. The substrate characteristics and operating frequency must be specified for both analysis and synthesis. Such a microstrip is constructed with two traces referenced to the same reference plane with a dielectric material between them. Commonly fabricated with printed circuit board (PCB) technology, a microstrip antenna calculator tool is an electrical transmission line that is. The nice part about coax is that it can be bent and flexible unlike most pcb transmission lines. 33 mA. The software also has some capabilities for predicting transmission line losses as well. Today’s PCBs contain many transmission lines. Broadside coupled stripline impedances (Z 0,odd, Z 0,even, Z 0,diff and Z 0,common) shall be calculated as specified in previous paragraph. If the impedance of the TDR unit is known via proper calibration, then the Z 0 of the transmission line attached to the TDR unit may be determined. A λ /4 line is, in effect, a transformer, and in fact is often referred to as a quarter-wave transformer. G = 2πσ ln(b / a) Figure 2. This example shows how transmission-line theory in conjunction with simulated values for characteristic impedance can be used to quickly evaluate the crosstalk between two microstrip lines. Hopefully, you can see how this inductive reasoning continues indefinitely. trace geometry, and use this to calculate impedance. Then enter the values of the impedances as complex numbers of the form a + bj a + b j, where the. Use our free online app Characteristic Impedance of a Transmission Line Calculator to determine all important calculations with parameters and constants. The Differential microstrip impedance calculator is used to compute the differential (Zd) and single-ended impedance (Zo) of an edge-coupled microstrip line just by entering the width, separation and thickness of the trace along with the dielectric thickness and constant of the coupled line. Line Length Units: The line length units specify the measurement system to use when entering the line length. Dielectric loss in a PCB transmission line. Series impedance, including resistance and inductive reactance, gives rise to series-voltage drops along the line. • THE impedance of the transmission line (may be time dependent) • The instantaneous impedance of the transmission line • The Characteristic impedance of the transmission line Just referring to “…the impedance” may be a bit ambiguous Eric Bogatin 2000 Slide -10 MYTHSFind Characteristic Impedance of a Transmission Line Calculator at CalcTown. These are considered to be standardized impedance values with cables readily available. end Resonances on shorted transmission line . For an embedded (internal) microstrip, the formulas provided in paragraph 4. Initial planning studies typically only consider balanced, steady-PCB stackup, signal integrity and controlled impedance: Signal integrity tools: Stackup design. Calculate impedance, reflection coefficient, transmission coefficient, and VSWR. HF Antenna Trimming Chart. This calculator helps translating the color bars from the resistor to its value. 1 is the input impedance of a lossless transmission line having characteristic impedance Z0 and which is terminated into a load ZL. Thus, since the transmission line has a length of L, the input impedance is Z(-L). Free Windows program for calculating the loss and impedance transformation. As always, use this information at your own risk. On-line RF engineering calculators for designing air coil inductors, other transmission lines, filters and antennas. Verified with Agilent LineCalc and Agilent Momentum. In this section the four main impedance transformers are compared: the linear taper, the Klopfenstein taper, the quarter-wave transformer and the two-section quarter-wave transformer. RF Two Wire Transmission Line Loss Calculator. Simons, "Coplanar Waveguide Circuits, Components, and Systems", Wiley. 4mil and the dielectric thickness to the first intermediate layer (this is a 4-layer board) is 6. Clemson Vehicular Electronics Laboratory: Transmission Line Impedance Calculator. A BASE = Base Amps. , z 1P, z 2P, z 3P, z 4P). L L ZjX= If the load is purely reactive (i. The Coaxial Line Impedance (Z0) Calculator is a valuable tool for engineers working with RF and telecommunications systems. Type C Pulse Forming Network. Most formulas calculate impedance from width, because width is a boundary condition and it's easier to calculate forward from a boundary condition, than backwards to reconstruct it. Any transmission line can be characterized by transmission line parameters such as resistance, shunt conductance, inductance, and capacitance. The cross section of the coplanar waveguide is illustrated in the image above. 2- For a 50 ohm lossless transmission line terminated in a load impedance ZL=100 + j50 ohm, determine the fraction of the average incident power reflected by the load. freq = linspace (1e9,4e9,51); sparam = sparameters. TLDetails includes a plot function that allows you to plot the matched line loss, the true velocity factor, or the true characteristic impedance magnitude, over a frequency range of either 0. Following formula can be derived for the characteristic impedance of a parallel wire transmission line: 1 (1) The characteristic impedance of free space is exactly: (2) where: c. 0 MHz. If you want a quick and dirty way to design your traces to have a specific impedance value, you can use an online transmission line calculator. The microstrip calculator determines the width. The impedance Zo of a two-conductor transmission line, as well as the odd-mode, even-mode, differential. 3. This part of the dialog shows all the impedance related values in Ohms/length-unit as well as the transmission line limits specified in Amps. Without repeating everything in that article, the input impedance depends on the characteristic impedance, propagation constant, load impedance, and length of the. For now let us focus on the single ended impedance. In general, it is double the odd-mode impedance, which is the value we care about for differential signaling, as it is used in high-speed PCB design. Characteristic Impedance Ω. V~(z) = V~+ 0 (ejβz +ΓLe−jβz) I(z) = V~+ 0 Z0 (ejβz − Γe−jβz) (1) (2. Antenna Element Calculator. One of the features of this type of microstrip is the coupling between lines. • THE impedance of the transmission line (may be time dependent) • The instantaneous impedance of the transmission line • The Characteristic impedance of the transmission line Just referring to “…the impedance” may be a bit ambiguous Eric Bogatin 2000 Slide -10 MYTHSFind Characteristic Impedance of a Transmission Line Calculator at CalcTown. Moreover, this tool can. 16. The odd mode impedance, Z 0,o, is given by the following equation: Eq. The impedance values can be stated in either phase coordinates (A, B, and C) or sequence coordinates (zero, positive, and negative sequence). Where: L represents the total path loss in decibels (dB). Z. If any of these values is modified, the corresponding per unit or MVA value will be changed accordingly, taking into consideration the current line length, length. The average amateur does not like to. 5 is a lossy transmission line and the total voltage and current at any point on the line are given by. Several equations are presented here, and these equations describe ideal situations that do not account for the complex geometry of a real PCB. At these frequencies, the transmission line is actually functioning as an impedance transformer, transforming an infinite impedance into zero impedance, or vice versa. %&˜’()& $*+%&˜’(,%+-. Satellite Look Angle Calculator. 1. Dielectric Thickness: mm. Cadence/AWR. 4% bandwidth with δz = 3. - Arbitrary Transmission Line Calculator (for transmission lines and directional couplers) Transmission lines, including directional couplers, of arbitrary cross section and an arbitrary number of dielectrics can be analysed with atlc. The impedance of a PCB trace can be calculated using the formula for the characteristic impedance of a transmission line: Why are PCB tracks 50 ohm? A 50-ohm transmission line is commonly used in high-frequency applications due to its balanced properties of signal integrity, power handling, and manufacturability. Under common mode driving (same magnitude, same polarity), the even mode impedance is the impedance of one transmission line in the pair. The Coplanar Transmission Line Calculator is a valuable tool used in electrical engineering to determine the characteristic impedance of a specific transmission line. 2 of the Microstrip Calculator, h=H1 and b=H2-H1. This type of transmission line is frequently encountered as a feed line on antenna booms, especially with log-periodic dipole arrays. Sierra Circuits’ Via Impedance Calculator uses the physical dimensions of a via to calculate its capacitance, inductance, and impedance. , the resistive component is zero), the input impedance is: Z 0,β A ZL=Z0 in 0 ZZ=Transmission lines Transmission line concepts and an online transmission line calculator by Owen Duffy, VK1OD. 151. Though it's important to note that these properties are distributed throughout the entire length of the transmission line, lumping them all together we can model a transmission line as: The characteristic impedance is then: $$. You can experiment with changes to the line parameters (Nominal Zo, Nominal VF, loss coefficients K0/K1/K2) to see how the. Transmission line characteristic impedance. 8/ (Er^0. A microstrip width calculator can calculate the width of a microstrip. 0-4ˇ% /. 42 and later, which calculates all three symmetrical components (zero, positive, and negative sequence values) of the line impedance. Figure 5. As was mentioned earlier, this is the dielectric loss in units of dB per unit length in a transmission line: Where: G = Conductance pul of the dielectric material. The special impedance is called the positive-sequence impedance of the line and is derived as follows. Perhaps the most common type of transmission line is the coax. 14159* (D+d)/2) C=7. This calculator finds both odd and even transmission line impedance. A quarter wave section is equal to 75000/KHz times VF. Sierra Circuits’ Transmission Line Reflection Calculator. The edge couple differential symmetric stripline transmission line is a common technique for routing differential traces. It renders fairly accurate results suitable for use in circuit board manufacturing and engineering analysis. 6. Models have been created to approximate the characteristics of the wire microstrip transmission line. Coverage. Online calculators will generally use Wadell's equations to determine the transmission line impedance numerically. Simpler calculators will use the less-accurate IPC-2141 equations. Return to the top. 3 relates the RLGC transmission line model to the properties of a medium. This article offers an introduction to the Smith chart and how it’s used to make transmission-line calculations and fundamental impedance-matching circuits. Once you’ve calculated your waveguide impedance, the interactive routing features in Altium Designer can automatically apply. In this section, zo is calculated for four common transmission lines — coaxial, twin-lead, parallel plate, and microstrip. Building Open-Wire Lines If this were 1931, we would receive the following advice on building parallel transmission line: "An impedance of 600 ohms is both convenient and standard, however, and is entirely satisfactory for amateur systems. m. The characteristic impedance is given by: Eq. Once you’ve calculated your waveguide impedance, the interactive routing features in Altium Designer can automatically apply your waveguide. (Equation 25. Assuming both are accurate enough. Coax Impedance (Transmission Line) Calculator. The lines operate at 300 MHz. The tool implements numerical solutions of Maxwell’s equations to render accurate and consistent results. 45 for gold. Differential pair impedance calculators will return at least two important values, and it's important to understand what these values mean/how to. m s: the speed of light. This calculator is designed to help calculate the value of the resistors R1 and R2 to be used in T-pad attenuator. An antenna tuner doesn’t change the antenna itself so much as changes its impedance to match the transmission line source, for example changing the impedance from 50 ohm to 55. Identify best matched Rogers' bonding material by sorting according to design attributes. The microstrip calculator determines the width and length of a microstrip line for a. In other words, this is the impedance the signal actually experiences as it travels on an individual line. 4: Microstrip Transmission Lines. Select the Z0 button to calculate the characteristic impedance of the corresponding line. The input impedance is the ratio of input voltage to the input current and is given by equation 3. If the ground plane is treated as a universal ground, then the model of a segment of length Δz is as shown in Figure 2. The development of transmission line theory is presented in Section 3. Home; Services. Z_Load. Transform a Complex Impedance Through a Transmission Line Start with an impedance Z i = 27 + 20j ohms The normalized impedance for a 50 ohm line is z i = 0. LPARA, an existing software at The Trinidad and Tobago Electricity Commission (T&TEC), has been. This information is crucial for designing high. This form of microstrip is composed of two traces. Transmission Line Parameter Calculator; PCB Trace Impedance Calculator; Electromagnetic Modeling Tools; Upcoming EMC Events. 54 + 0. 4. Coverage. Microstrip Characteristic Impedance Calculator Using a Formula by Brian C Wadell Used for calculating the Zo of PCB transmission lines, showing the formula used. The parameters computed are the resistance R, reactance X, susceptance B, and conductance G. In some cases, users require a custom impedance value. For example, a 2 inch microstrip line over an Er = 4. This code let you calculate the value of some of the parameters in circuit impedance analysis. Where, Γ = Reflection coefficient. (a) Coupled stripline (planar, or edge-coupled). L L ZjX= If the load is purely reactive (i. Here's a spreadsheet that performs via-hole inductance for microstrip circuits. Next, substitute the values into the formula: Z0 = sqrt ( (R + jwL) / (G + jwC)). A BASE = Base Amps. Microstrip Transmission Line Calculator Using IPC-2141 Equation. If the voltage and current to the motor are 400 V and 8. Transmission lines Transmission line concepts and an online transmission line calculator by Owen Duffy, VK1OD. Clemson Vehicular Electronics Laboratory: Transmission Line Impedance Calculator. 1. β = 0. 4 j Plot this at point z1. The rules shown below are a rough approximation, and you should always check the approximation using an impedance calculator or field solver. This type of transmission line is frequently encountered as a feed line on antenna booms, especially with log-periodic dipole arrays. It is frequently used as such in antenna work when it is desired, for example, to transform the impedance of an antenna to a new value that will match a given transmission line. To learn more look at this twisted pair impedance calculator in the. In this Type C PFN, each capacitance has an initial condition voltage of 1000 V. Most RF Coaxial Cables have an impedance of 50 ohms or 75 ohms. Return Loss and Mismatch Loss Calculator. For an ideal system, there is no impedance mismatch between the transmission line & load, hence no reflection and no standing wave. To summarize, the Stripline Impedance Calculator enables engineers to calculate the characteristic impedance of a stripline based on its geometric dimensions and dielectric properties. The substrate parameters (ε r and h) and the frequency of interest are required. 3, respectively. Transmission line v1 1 0 ac 1 sin rsource 1 2 75 t1 2 0 3 0 z0=75 td=1u rload 3 0 1u . As these additional effects are included in a transmission line model, the resulting impedance equations become very complex. Enter the thickness of the track: mm. In this example, we consider a device. 1, which shows a generic transmission line aligned with its length along the z. They are "per foot" if the inner conductor units are inches or mils. Terminal impedance Z term & characteristic impedance Z 0 are the key terms of this calculation. atlc. R source +R series termination resistor = Transmission line impedance (Z 0). Speedstack is the stackup design tool of choice for professional PCB Designers fabricators and brokers who have a requirement to document and design stackups drill plans and material requirements complete with high. Port Characteristic Impedance, Zo (Ohms) =. Equation 2. First, consider a microstrip. The microstrip impedance calculator shown above uses Wadell’s equations for microstrip impedance, which can be found in the seminal textbook Transmission Line Design Handbook. TX-LINE software enables users to enter either physical or electrical characteristics for common transmission mediums: microstrip, stripline, coplanar. The equations that are used to calculate stripline impedance are simple, but there is a large number of terms, which includes a. These values are computed as distributed (per. Black dots represent electrons, and the arrows show the electric field. The velocity of light in the transmission line is simply: For a TEM transmission line (coax, stripline) with air dielectric the velocity of light reduces to the constant "c" which is the velocity of light in a vacuum (2. The Differential microstrip impedance calculator is used to compute the differential (Zd) and single-ended impedance (Zo) of an edge-coupled microstrip line just by entering the width, separation and thickness of the. To use a Quarter Wave Transformer Calculator: Determine the characteristic impedance (Zs) of the source circuit and the target impedance (Zl) of the load circuit. The capacitor will have its own input impedance value (Z inC ), which depends on the input impedance of transmission line #2 and the load impedance. Call us: +1 (800) 763-7503 Email us: through our Customer Care form. With our handy calculator, you can choose from 50 Ohm, 75 Ohm, 93 Ohm and 95 Ohm coaxial cables. Under common mode driving (same magnitude, same polarity), the even mode impedance is the impedance of one transmission line in the pair. This implies that the resulting transmission line resonators are one-quarter wavelength long at 2 f 0 (i. When in doubt, use 1 for copper, . On-line RF engineering calculators for designing air coil inductors, other transmission lines, filters and antennas. Assuming you chose a transmission line topology, then you would need to compute the electrical lengths and impedances to use. 78, and operating at a frequency of 7. 2. Between a transmission line and a via structure with different impedance; Between a transmission line and some other RF structure with different impedance; Between a transmission line and a load component with different impedance; While there is not enough room to cover every taper design situation listed above, I’ll do my best to. Just about any signal in a high-speed design can behave like a transmission line, including data, memory, clocks, controls, and any other nets in the design. A PCB impedance calculation generally refers to the task of calculating trace impedance, or transmission line impedance, based on the stackup and material configuration used in your design. Frequency. RF/Microwave Design; Digital Design; Layout Services. The velocity factor is simply: 1 / sqrt (e_r*mu_r). In other words, the line impedance at the end of the transmission line (i. These equations are rather complex, comprising a set of 67 interrelated equations and parameters, which includes a requirement to calculate elliptical integrals. The Smith chart was an invention of the electrical engineer Phillip Hagar. /˙. Transmission-Line Calculator. Here's a spreadsheet that calculates characteristic impedance of a transmission line based on measure reflection coefficient. 5rad. This tool visually illustrates signal ringing at the. When in doubt, use 1 for copper, . Articles; Tools; Contact Us; Main Menu. The IPC Formulas and Wadell’s Method. Go to the calculator section. 26 (p. Each grid of the insulator can be thought of as 4 capacitors each. The impedance values can be stated in either phase coordinates (A, B, and C) or sequence coordinates (zero, positive, and negative sequence). 0 = 299792458. Impedance calculation Even and Odd Mode Impedance. The MWI-2017 Microwave Impedance Calculator software doesn’t replace sophisticated. ˇ4628˚%˚,ˇ72. PowerWorld Transmission Line Parameter Calculator v. Coplanar Waveguide With Ground Characteristic Impedance Calculator. 3 | TRANSMISSION LINE CALCULATOR where γ, the complex propagation constant is given by: If only a forward-propagating wave is present in the transmission line (no reflections), dividing the voltage V by the current I gives the characteristic impedance Z 0, or wave impedance of the transmission line:Microwave Impedance Calculator Rogers Corporation. The circuit schematic for the Type C Pulse Forming Network is shown below. Step by step calculation. Rho: Conductor resistivity relative to copper. Most RF Coaxial Cables have an impedance of 50 ohms or 75 ohms. Track Thickness: mm. This transmission line calculator calculates the impedance at input and attenuation of a given transmission line once terminated with the given load. At f=0 Hz: input: V=0, I=13. Using a Differential Pair Impedance Calculator. When the length of a transmission line is longer than several wavelengths at the signal frequency, the two parallel conductors of the transmission line appear as a complex impedance. 2. Topic 56: Characteristic Impedance One of the most basic parameters of a transmission line is zo, its characteristic impedance. Enter the relative permitivity, width of the trace, the ground plane spacing, and the substrate thickness to calculate the characteristic impedance. The Transmission Line Calculator is a handy tool for computing various properties of a transmission line. or any device with a web browser. (b)Impedance Calculation. Solution of Wave Equations (cont. Frequency span ±. It is important to determine the characteristic impedance of a twisted-pair cable because this impedance should match the impedance. This has led to the development of a special radio-frequency transmission-line calculator for solving many ordinary transmission-line problems. Edge Coupled Stripline Differential Impedance Calculator. First, calculating the line impedance: taking the 75 Ω we desire the source to “see” at the source-end of the transmission line, and multiplying by the 300 Ω load. 5 Power Flow on a Terminated Lossy Line. In other words, if the load impedance is equal to the transmission line characteristic impedance, the input impedance will be likewise be equal to Z 0 regardless of the transmission line length A. To use this tool, enter the values for. Models have been created to approximate the characteristics of the coax cable transmission line. It accounts for ground wires, ground return, and mutual coupling between circuits. The even mode impedance is simply the impedance of a single line when the two lines are driven in. Consider a voltage source, with generator impedance Zg, hooked to an antenna with impedance ZA via a transmission line. In general, a line impedance of a lossy transmission line is a frequency dependent. within the right-of-way of the transmission line is needed. The dimensions of some of the. Z V 3=0 V 4=0. **Note: Like our stripline impedance calculator, all of our RF calculators allow SI prefix input. Articles; Tools; Contact Us; Main Menu. The radius of the circle is the reflection coefficient G , where the radius to the edge is 1. When you solve Maxwell's Equations for electromagnetic wave propagation, the electric field solutions look like this: E (z,t) = E * cos (γz - ωt). One of the most common types of transmission line, coaxial cable. 1, makes the argument that a circuit with resistors, inductors, and capacitors is a good model for a transmission line. The parameters computed are the resistance R, reactance X, susceptance B, and conductance G. Equation 3, which was developed by Martin Marietta in the mid 1980s, is a method for predicting the impedance of buried microstrip transmission lines. 2. 1: Coaxial line: (a) with inner an conductor of radius a and an outer conductor with inside radius b; and (b) with cylindrical coordinates used in calculation. Most RF Coaxial Cables have an impedance of 50 ohms or 75 ohms. 1 is the input impedance of a lossless transmission line having characteristic impedance Z0 and which is terminated into a load ZL. Use the "Spin Buttons" to adjust the values in the box. Z = Impedance of circuit element (i. Transmission Line Details by Dan AC6LA. • HFSS computes the characteristic impedance of each port in three ways — as Zpi, Zpv, and Zvi impedances. Choose the connection type. At any frequency, the axial propagation factor β and the characteristic impedance Z c of an equivalent transmission line can be determined. Download the impedance calculator spreadsheet. Clearly, we can’t use the same width for a microstrip and stripline and expect to see the same characteristic impedance, even if all else is held constant. Coverage Maps by Roger Coudé, VE2DBE. RF/Microwave Design; Digital Design; Layout Services. Open Wire Feeder Impedance Calculator.